Course Descriptions

Accounting

College of Business

ACTG 301A. Financial Reporting and Statement Analysis: Analysis Techniques.
2 credits. Offered fall and spring.

This class provides the foundation to analyze, interpret and use financial statements effectively, emphasizing the use of technology including advanced spreadsheet techniques and Internet research. Prerequisites: Completion of both COB 241 and COB 242 with grades of "B" or better. Prerequisite or corequisite: COB 300.

ACTG 301B. Financial Reporting and Statement Analysis: Role of Accountants.
1 credit. Offered fall and spring.

This class relies heavily on discussions with practicing accountants in public accounting, industry and government. Topics include career preparation and the role of accountants in business and capital markets. Written assignments are used to enhance communication skills. Prerequisite: ACTG 301A.

ACTG 313. Accounting Information Systems.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Covers the use of accounting systems for the collection, organization, analysis and reporting of accounting data. Topics include: internal controls, documentation of accounting systems, transaction processing cycles, auditing information technology, e-commerce, computer and information systems security, and integration of business functions in the accounting process. Prerequisites or corequisites: ACTG 301A and ACTG 301B.

ACTG 343. Corporate Financial Reporting I.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Provides a theoretical framework to explain and critically evaluate financial reporting by businesses. In addition to studying the authoritative standards for preparing financial statements, students develop the ability to read, use, analyze and interpret financial statements. Students gain an understanding that managers can shape the financial information communicated to investors and creditors. Prerequisites: ACTG 301A with a grade of "B" or better.

ACTG 344. Corporate Financial Reporting II.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Continues the development of a theoretical framework to read, use, analyze, interpret, explain and critically evaluate financial reporting by businesses. Selected topics include financial instruments, leases, pensions, deferred taxes, stockholders' equity and other corporate reporting issues. Prerequisite: ACTG 343 with a grade of "C-" or better.

ACTG 377. Federal Income Tax Accounting.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Designed to introduce students to the federal income tax system, including individual and business entity taxation. Topics include income, exclusions, deductions and property transactions. Also facilitates development of research skills. Prerequisite: COB 300.

ACTG 410. Auditing.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A study of techniques available for gathering, summarizing, analyzing and interpreting the data presented in financial statements and procedures used in verifying the fairness of the information. Also emphasizes ethical and legal aspects and considerations. Prerequisites: ACTG 313 and ACTG 344 with grades of "C-" or better.

ACTG 420. Operational Auditing.
3 credits. Not currently offered.

This course is a study of the basic principles and techniques of operational auditing. It covers organizing and conducting operational audit engagements and addresses regulatory compliance issues. Prerequisites: ACTG 313 and ACTG 343 with grades of "C-" or better. Prerequisite or corequisite: ACTG 344.

ACTG 440. Advanced Information Technology for Accountants.
3 credits. Offered fall.

This course is offered only for accounting majors seeking a minor is CIS. Topics include legacy systems, the systems development life cycle, telecommunications, distributed processing, networking and information security, taught from an accounting perspective. Prerequisite: ACTG 313 with a grade of "C-" or better and declared CIS minor.

ACTG 445. Selected Accounting and Reporting Topics.
3 credits. Not currently offered.

Focuses on the development and use of financial information as it relates to business combinations, governmental and public not-for-profit entities, and transactions and statements denominated in foreign currencies. In the context of the global accounting environment, students critically evaluate U.S. generally accepted accounting principles as they pertain to the topics covered. Prerequisite: ACTG 343 with a grade of "C-" or better.

ACTG 450. Governmental and Nonprofit Accounting and Reporting.
3 credits. Not currently offered.

Focuses on budgeting, accounting and financial reporting principles associated with private and public nonprofit organizations. Includes survey of state, local, municipal and federal government accounting. Prerequisite: ACTG 343 with grade of "C-" or better. Prerequisite or corequisite: ACTG 344.

ACTG 475. Accounting Decision Making and Control.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

The study of cost accounting concepts and information used by business organizations to make strategic, organizational and operational decisions. Topics include the role of planning and control in attaining organizational goals and objectives; the relationship among cost structure, cost behavior and operating income; traditional and activity-based costing approaches to product costing; differential analysis in decision making; and ethical issues for accountants. Students will also engage in activities designed to enhance technological and communication skills. Prerequisite: COB 300.

ACTG 483. International Accounting and Financial Reporting.
3 credits. Offered spring.

Designed to develop a fundamental knowledge of the assumptions, environmental considerations and techniques underlying the collection and reporting of financial information on an international scale. Prerequisite: COB 300. Open to non-accounting majors only.

ACTG 490. Special Studies in Accounting.
1-6 credits each semester. Offered fall and spring.

Designed to give capable students in accounting an opportunity to do independent study under faculty supervision. Admission only by recommendation of the instructor and permission of the director.

ACTG 494. Business Practicum.
3-6 credits.

A course, taken by graduating seniors, to give students an opportunity to work in and with local industry to gain insight into the real side of modern business. By permission of department, forms obtained in accounting office before registration. Grades will be assigned on a credit/no credit basis.

ACTG 499. Honors.
6 credits. Year course. Offered fall and spring.

See catalog section entitled "Graduation with Distinction" and "Graduation with Honors."

Return to Top

Africana Studies

Cross Disciplinary Studies

GAFST 200. Introduction to Africana Studies.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

An introductory survey of basic theoretical concepts to analyze the Black experience, with special focus on the general historical process common to Africa and the African Diaspora.

AFST 489. Africana Studies Senior Research Experience.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

In this research-oriented experience, students design and complete research projects relevant to their interests in Africana Studies, as well as connect their projects to previous course work and experiences within the Africana Studies minor. Prerequisites: AFST 200, senior standing and permission of instructor.

Return to Top

AIRS

College of Education

AIRS 001. Leadership Laboratory.
0 credits. Offered fall and spring.

This course is a mandatory laboratory in leadership and followership development for AFROTC cadets. As a complement to the air science classes, this laboratory focuses on applying leadership principles and understanding leaders' responsibilities while emphasizing the benefits of practical experience. JMU students will take AFROTC classes at the University of Virginia for JMU credit. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor. Corequisite: Any Air Force ROTC class.

AIRS 110. The Foundations of the United States Air Force.
1 credit. Offered fall and spring.

This course introduces the United States Air Force and Air Force Reserve Officers Training Corps. Topics include mission and organization of the Air Force, officership and professionalism, military customs and courtesies, Air Force officer opportunities and communication skills. JMU students will take AFROTC classes at the University of Virginia for JMU credit. Students interested in joining Air Force ROTC should also register for AIRS 001, Leadership Laboratory. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.

AIRS 120. The Foundations of the United States Air Force.
1 credit. Offered fall and spring.

AIRS 210. The Evolution of Air and Space Power.
1 credit. Offered fall and spring.

This course examines general aspects of air and space power through a historical perspective, from the first balloons and dirigibles to the space age global positioning systems of the Persian Gulf War. Topics include principles of war, tenets of air and space power, historical Air Force leaders, and employment of air and space power. JMU students will take AFROTC classes at the University of Virginia for JMU credit. Students interested in joining Air Force ROTC should also register for AIRS 001, Leadership Laboratory. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.

AIRS 220. The Evolution of Air and Space Power.
1 credit. Offered fall and spring.

AIRS 310. Concepts of Air Force Leadership and Management.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

This course studies leadership, management fundamentals and professional knowledge, Air Force personnel and evaluation systems, leadership ethics, and communication skills required of Air Force junior officers. The class examines Air Force leadership and management situations, using case studies as a means of demonstrating and applying the concepts under consideration. JMU students will take AFROTC classes at the University of Virginia for JMU credit. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.

AIRS 320. Concepts of Air Force Leadership and Management.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

AIRS 410. National Security Affairs/Preparation for Active Duty.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

This course examines the national security process, regional studies, advanced leadership ethics and Air Force doctrine. Topics include the military as a profession, officership, military justice, civilian control of the military, preparation for active duty and current issues affecting the military profession. JMU students will take AFROTC classes at the University of Virginia for JMU credit. Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.

AIRS 420. National Security Affairs/Preparation for Active Duty.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Return to Top

American Studies

Cross Disciplinary Studies

GAMST 200. Introduction to American Studies.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

This interdisciplinary course will highlight the student's role in interrogating the cultural and political function of representations of America in literature, history, philosophy, religion, popular culture, music and art. Students will gain an understanding of why definitions of American identity matter and learn about the contemporary debates that inform the discipline of American Studies today. Questions about the changing role of national studies in the face of globalization are central.

AMST 490. Special Studies in American Studies.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Independent study of a topic appropriate to the interdisciplinary method of American studies.

Return to Top

Anthropology

Department of Sociology and Anthropology

KEY
A=Archaeology	F=Field Experience
B=Biological Anthropology	R=Required for All Anthropology Majors
C=Cultural Anthropology	W=Writing Intensive

GANTH 195. Cultural Anthropology.
3 credits (C,R). Offered fall and spring.

An introduction to the nature of culture and its relationship to language, economics, politics, kinship and other institutions in diverse cultures. The course also provides an overview of the theories, methods and ethical responsibilities involved in the study of cultural systems and ethnographic writing.

GANTH 196. Biological Anthropology.
3 credits (B,R). Offered fall and spring.

An introduction to the origins, evolution and genetic variability of humans and their relationship to nonhuman primates. Examination of the fossil record, the relationship between biology and culture and human genetics are included. Theories and methods used in the study of biological anthropology are also introduced.

ANTH 197. Archaeology.
3 credits (A,R). Offered fall and spring.

An introduction to archaeology through a survey of the major developments in human cultural evolution focusing on the transition from foraging to agricultural and state-level systems. An examination of the origins and nature of Old and New World civilizations and an overview of archaeological methods and theories are also included.

ANTH 201. The Discipline of Anthropology.
3 credits. Offered as needed.

This required course introduces students to the subdisciplines of cultural, biological, linguistic and archaeological anthropology and the logic of their integration within the larger discipline of anthropology. Students will be introduced to current research questions within anthropology and how they are addressed from the perspective of the various subdisciplines. Prerequisites: Major status or permission of instructor. It is recommended that students have had at least one of the introductory-level ANTH courses (GANTH 195, GANTH 196 or ANTH 197).

ANTH 205. Buried Cities, Lost Tribes: The Rise and Fall of Early Human Societies.
3 credits. Offered once a year.

This course takes an archaeological and comparative perspective on the origins of human institutions, including art, architecture, religion, centralized political formations and urban life. The development and collapse of early societies in multiple world regions, including Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, Mesoamerica and the Andes will be explored.

ANTH 250. Anthropology of the American Southwest.
3 credits (A,C). Offered fall.

This course examines the development of Southwestern societies from early hunter-gatherers to the Native American communities of today. Major issues of anthropological interest, such as the adoption of agriculture, the development of village life, migration and abandonment, the spread of religious "cults," the extent of Mesoamerican influence, and the effects of the Spanish conquest are explored.

ANTH 265. Peoples and Cultures of Latin America and the Caribbean.
3 credits (C). Offered every three semesters.

Anthropological and historical perspectives on the cultures of Latin America and the Caribbean through such themes as colonialism, nationalism, ethnicity, development, aesthetic traditions, gender, religion, and urban and rural resistance movements.

ANTH 280. Peoples and Cultures of Sub-Saharan Africa.
3 credits (C). Offered fall.

This is an introductory course emphasizing cultural diversity of sub-Saharan African societies. Basic anthropological concepts are used in analyzing African economics, political systems, marriage patterns and family organization, religious beliefs, and the impacts of colonialism and post-colonial development practices.

ANTH 300. Anthropology of Diet and Nutrition.
3 credits (B,C). Offered every three semesters.

An evolutionary and cross-cultural perspective on diet and nutrition in human populations. Focus on how and why people choose what to eat, the range and significance of cross-cultural variability in diet, how diets have changed in the evolutionary and recent past, and the health and social significance of those changes. Prerequisite: Any lower-level course in anthropology or permission of the instructor.

ANTH/SCOM 305. Language and Culture.
3 credits. Offered once a year.

An introduction to linguistic anthropology. Explores the complex relationships between language and culture through topics such as language acquisition and socialization; language, thought, and worldview; language and identity; multilingualism; how and why languages change; literacy; and the politics of language use and language ideologies.

ANTH 310. Prehistoric and Pioneer Virginia.
3 credits (A). Offered fall.

A study of the development and diversity of Indian society in Virginia, the initial European settlement and westward expansion. Economic and social problems of initial settlement and the interaction between European and Indian cultures is emphasized.

ANTH 312. The Native Americans.
3 credits (C). Offered every three semesters.

A study of the nature of Indian societies occupying different environmental areas of North America at the time of earliest historic contact. Indian groups such as Shawnee, Mandan, Nuunamiut, Natchez, Creek, Iroquois and Sioux will be considered.

ANTH/SOCI 313. Processes of Social and Cultural Change.
3 credits (A,C). Offered spring.

Investigates the procedures through which a society operates and the manner in which it introduces and incorporates changes. Issues considered include belief, innovation, directed change, coercive change, revitalization and revolution.

ANTH 315. Human Evolution.
3 credits (B). Offered every three semesters.

An overview of the fossil record and other evidence for human evolution. Discusses the emergence of the hominds as a lineage distinct from other apes. Provides evidence for the evolution of bipedalism, tool use, hunting/gathering, major increases in brain size, language, and material culture and the hypotheses that have been developed to explain the emergence of these characteristics. Prerequisites: GANTH 196, or BIO 114 and BIO 124, or permission of the instruction.

ANTH 322. Human Variation and Adaptation.
3 credits. Offered once every two years.

This course will assess human biology from an evolutionary and anthropological perspective, emphasizing an integrative, holistic understanding. The origin and current distribution of human biological variation will be explored, including geographic, sex and individual variation. Health and disease, growth and development, aging, nutrition, and mental health will also be addressed. Prerequisite: GANTH 196 or consent of instructor.

ANTH 323. Visual Anthropology.
3 credits. Offered once a year.

This course explores the anthropological use of visual data for the description, analysis, communication and interpretation of human behavior. Topics include biological, cross-cultural and historical understandings of vision; the social life of visual things; visual cultural production and consumption; and visuality after colonialism, globalization, and postmodernity.

ANTH 325. Aztec, Maya and Their Predecessors.
3 credits (A,C). Offered every two semesters.

Survey of the Olmec, Toltec, Teotihuacan, Maya and Aztec civilizations and the factors leading to their development, persistence and decline.

ANTH 327. Ancient North American Civilizations.
3 credits (A). Offered every three semesters.

Studies the emergence of Native American societies prior to historic contact. Emphasizes prehistoric developments in the eastern United States.

ANTH/HIST 331. Historical Archaeology.
3 credits (A). Offered spring.

The course introduces students to the purposes, subject matter, methodology and historical background of the discipline of historical archaeology. Building on research issues and methodologies of anthropological archaeology and history, the multidisciplinary aspects of this field are introduced through field trips, projects, guest lectures, readings and classroom presentations. Prerequisite: ANTH 197 or HIST equivalent.

ANTH 333. Celts, Vikings and Tribal Europe: Art and Culture from 500 to 1100 AD.
3 credits. Offered every three semesters.

Building on a heritage of archaeology, art, history, material culture, mythology and literature, the course introduces students to the cultures and traditions of the Celtic, Viking (Norwegian, Danish and Swedish), and Germanic tribal and theocratic cultures that shaped the early civilizations of northern Europe, Britain and Ireland from ca. 500 AD to 1100 AD.

ANTH 340. The Invention of Race.
3 credits (C). Offered every three semesters.

Examines the historical and cultural construction of race in Western thought. Themes include the origins of racial thinking, the slave trade, race and religion, race and science, the ways race is implicated in colonialism and nationalism, and the relation between race and other social qualities, including gender, class, sexuality and ethnicity.

ANTH 350. Magic, Witchcraft and Religion.
3 credits (C). Offered fall.

Anthropological study of religion in society. The influence of religion on the development of social, legal, governmental and economic aspects of culture is emphasized.

ANTH/SOCI 352. Birth, Death, Sex: Exploring Demography.
3 credits (B,C). Offered every three semesters.

Fertility (birth) and mortality (death) and their biological and social determinants in cross-cultural and evolutionary/historical frameworks. Exploration of the dynamic between the material constraints on and symbolic significance of reproduction, sexuality and death within a cultural context. Critical examination of population growth as a global "problem." Basic demographic methods. Prerequisite: Any lower-level course in anthropology or sociology or permission of the instructor.

ANTH 355. Culture and Ecology.
3 credits (C). Offered spring.

A comparative study of cultures from an ecological perspective. The course focuses on the effects of climate, environment and population interaction on shaping and determining human behavior. Basic ecological concepts and theories are introduced as they relate to the study and explanation of human behavior.

ANTH 360. Medical Anthropology.
3 credits (B,C). Offered every three semesters.

The evolutionary, ecological and sociocultural context of health and disease. A multi-level, cross-cultural exploration of disease including genetic and macro-level social inputs. Topics include Darwinian medicine, cultural ecology of infectious disease, including emergent diseases, the biology of poverty, maternal-child health and the history of global health problems. Prerequisite: GANTH 195, GANTH 196 or permission of the instructor.

ANTH 362. Evolution of the Human Brain.
3 credits. Offered once every two years.

A review of the evolution of the brain, focusing on the human species. The fossil evidence and current controversies and theories about human brain evolution will be covered, including the possible role of language, tool use, sociality and dietary shifts. Sex differences in brain and behavior, the evolution of consciousness, human ethics, and morals will also be discussed. Prerequisite: GANTH 196 or consent of instructor.

ANTH 364. U.S./Latin American Borders.
3 credits (C). Offered every three semesters.

This course examines the experiences of Latin American migrants to the United States. It stresses the cultural expression of those experiences, globalization and its effects on local communities in Latin America, the U.S. responses to migration and migrants. Prerequisite: One course on Latin America.

ANTH 366. Anthropology of War.
3 credits (A,C). Offered every three semesters.

This course examines the causes, conduct and consequences of warfare in non-state societies using both ethnographic and archaeological data. Case studies drawn from throughout the world are used to examine topics such as the co-evolution of war and society, the impact of colonialism on native warfare, the process of making peace, and claims about the biological "inevitability" of war.

ANTH/SOCI 368. Contemporary American Culture.
3 credits (C). Offered occasionally.

This course analyzes contemporary American society in relation to popular cultural formations and representations. Cultural expressions found in music, literature, theatre, film, television, cyberspace and sports will be examined with respect to values, sentiments, identity constructions and lived experiences of differentially situated social actors.

ANTH 370. Topics in the Anthropology of Gender.
3 credits (C). Offered every three semesters.

This course examines the many ways in which gender is constructed and negotiated in different historical and social contexts. Topics will vary with the instructor to include both cultural and bicultural perspectives.

ANTH 373. Anthropological Perspectives on Environment and Development.
3 credits (C). Offered spring.

This seminar provides a history of key ideas and figures in environmental anthropology, as well as examines why this field is, by necessity, interdisciplinary. Within this context, we will use specific case studies to examine ways in which the concepts and theories of "development" and "environment" have been produced, perpetuated, manipulated and challenged in different geographic and politico-economic circumstances. Prerequisite: GANTH 195 or permission of the instructor.

ANTH 375. History of Theory in Sociocultural Anthropology.
3 credits (C,R,W). Offered fall and spring.

An examination of the major theoretical traditions in social and cultural anthropology. Important theoreticians and the historical contexts in which their work emerged are discussed. Fulfills the College of Arts and Letters writing-intensive requirement for the major. Prerequisites: GANTH 195 and junior standing.

ANTH 380. Chinese Society and Culture.
3 credits (C). Offered every three semesters.

An examination of modern China's social, cultural and political structure from the 17th century to the present. Emphasis is placed on local level systems (town, village, lineage, family) and the roles they have played in China's transition from an agricultural to an industrial society.

ANTH 382. Cultures of Appalachia.
3 credits (C). Offered occasionally.

An overview of the peoples, cultures and special problems of the Appalachian region.

ANTH/SOCI 390. Topics in Cultural Studies.
3 credits (C).

This course explores contemporary culture through a "cultural studies" lens, an interdisciplinary perspective interested in using empirical knowledge to encourage more just human relations. Specific topics of investigation will vary by semester, but each course will cover cultural studies' intellectual history and its application to cultural expressions found in everyday life, film, music and text.

ANTH 391. Study Abroad.
1-6 credit hours (C,F). Offered summer.

Designed to encourage students to enhance their academic programs through studying abroad. Arrangements must be made with a faculty member who will direct the study with preparatory instructions and final requirements. Prerequisites: Permission of department head.

ANTH 395. Special Topics in Anthropology.
3 credits (May be A,B or C). Offered occasionally.

Examination of selected topics which are of current importance to anthropology. May be taken for a maximum of six hours credit toward the major.

ANTH 410. Spatial Analysis for Anthropologists.
4 credits. (A,B and C). Offered every three semesters.

The course teaches students how to identify and solve anthropological problems with spatial dimensions. Hands-on experience is stressed in the acquisition, analysis, and display of spatial data using Geographic Information Systems software. Topics include the mapping of race and ethnicity, the spatial distribution of cultural variables, and human modification and use of the landscape. Prerequisites: GANTH 195, GANTH 196 or ANTH 197.

ANTH 420. Evolution of Human Behavior.
3 credits (B). Offered spring.

An exploration of human behavior from an evolutionary perspective. Darwinism, life history theory and the fundamentals of heredity will be reviewed and employed in the analysis of human behavior from bipedalism to morality. Data from the fossil and archeological records, genetics, non-human primate studies, and ethnographic fieldwork will be used. Prerequisite: GANTH 196 or permission of the instructor.

ANTH 435. Ethnographic Genres and Methods.
4 credits (C,F). Offered fall and spring.

Explores ethnographic methods and conventions of ethnographic writing through close reading, analysis and production of ethnographic texts. Students develop critical skills in assessing ethnographic practice by examining how ethnographies are shaped by authors' fieldwork experiences, intellectual traditions and theoretical perspectives. Students engage in fieldwork and craft their own ethnographic accounts. Prerequisite or corequisite: ANTH 375.

ANTH/HIST 436. Afro-Latin America.
3 credits.

Latin America and the Caribbean were the first and largest parts of the Western Hemisphere to be populated by Africans. Afro-Latin America examines cultural formations Africans brought to these regions. Beginning with an overview of the slave trade, it examines the histories of Africans and African-descent people throughout Latin America, as well as contemporary Afro-Latin American culture(s). Prerequisites: One course in either Latin American or Africana studies (any discipline); upper-division status or permission of instructor.

ANTH 455. Archaeology: Methods of Analysis and Interpretation.
4 credits (A,F). Offered spring.

A review of the nature of inquiry, recent theory and the means by which archaeologist acquire, analyze, and interpret their data. In addition to practical training in methods of analysis used in contemporary practice, students will gain experience in designing, conducting and reporting archaeological research. Prerequisites: GANTH 195 and ANTH 197.

ANTH 485. Anthropology Course Assistantship.
1-6 credits, only 3 of which can apply to the major (May be A,B or C). Offered fall and spring.

Students participate as course assistants in anthropology. Assistantships provide students with a sense of what it is like to teach an anthropology course by allowing them to work closely with faculty members through different phases of course preparation, presentation and evaluation. Assistantships also allow for a deeper understanding of course material by providing opportunities for student assistants to lead discussion and to help their peers review the material outside of the classroom. Prerequisites: Students must have junior/ senior standing, must have earned a grade of "B" or better in the course for which s/he will serve as assistant, and may register by faculty invitation only.

ANTH 486. Internship in Anthropology.
1-6 credits (May be A,B or C). Offered fall and spring.

Designed to encourage students to enhance their academic programs by employing and refining anthropological skills through internships in public or private agencies. Arrangements must be made with a faculty member who will oversee the internship. Prerequisite: By permission only.

ANTH 490. Special Studies in Anthropology.
1-3 credits (May be A,B or C). Offered fall and spring.

Course offers students an opportunity to do independent study under staff supervision. Admission only by recommendation of the instructor and permission of the department head.

ANTH/ARTH/HIST 492. American Material Culture.
3 credits (A). Offered every two semesters.

A broad introduction to the multidisciplinary "field" of material culture studies through readings, written assignments, in-class exercises and field trips. The course introduces ways of looking at and learning from objects and examines how scholars from several disciplines have used material culture in their work. Prerequisite: HIST 395. Instructor's permission required to waive HIST 395 prerequisite for non-history majors.

ANTH 494. Field Techniques in Archaeology.
4-8 credits (A,F). Offered summer.

Laboratory course directed at teaching students the basic field techniques and procedures of historic and prehistoric archaeology. Classroom lectures will present techniques and relevant aspects of method and theory.

ANTH/HIST 496. Research Thesis.
2 or 4 credits (A). Offered fall and spring.

Students will gather, analyze and interpret archaeological/historical data over two semesters. Students will work on a project that demonstrates theory, research design, data gathering and analysis, culminating in a written thesis. The course meets the capstone requirement for the historical archaeology minor but is also available to students in history and anthropology. Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing.

ANTH 499 A,B,C. Honors.
6 credits. Year course (May be A,B or C). Offered fall and spring.

An independent research topic initiated and completed by qualified senior majors who want to graduate with distinction.

Return to Top

Arabic

Department of Foreign Languages, Literatures and Cultures

ARAB 101-102. Elementary Arabic (4, 1).
4 credits each semester. Offered fall and spring.

The fundamentals of Modern Standard Arabic through listening, speaking, reading and writing. Practice in pronunciation and development of comprehension. One hour of work a week in the language laboratory.

ARAB 111-212. Intensive Arabic.
6 credits each semester. Offered May and June.

The fundamentals of Arabic through listening, speaking, reading and writing. The first semester is the equivalent of ARAB 101-102 and the second is equivalent to ARAB 231-232. Offered May and June summer term only.

ARAB 231-232. Intermediate Arabic.
3 credits each semester. Offered fall and spring.

A through review of grammar, vocabulary building, conversation, composition and reading. Prerequisite: One year of college Arabic or equivalent.

ARAB 300. Arabic Grammar and Communication.
3 credits. Offered fall.

Intensive training in grammatical structures and their application to oral and written communication. Instruction is in Arabic. Fulfills the College of Arts and Letters writing-intensive requirement for the major. Prerequisite: ARAB 232.

ARAB 320. Arabic Oral and Written Communication.
3 credits. Offered spring.

Intensive training in the use of modern, everyday Arabic with emphasis on conversation and composition. Readings in Arabic will provide a context for discussion and writing. Prerequisite: ARAB 300.

ARAB 400. Arabic Advanced Conversation.
3 credits. Offered fall.

Discussions deal with topics of current interest. Prerequisite: ARAB 320.

Return to Top

Art

School of Art and Art History

ART 102. Two-Dimensional Design (0, 6).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Application and appreciation of the principles and elements of design, with emphasis on line, form, color and texture as applied to two-dimensional space. Formerly ART 140.

ART 104. Drawing I (0, 6).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

An introductory course composed of problems in landscape, perspective, figure and still-life in several media. Formerly ART 160.

ART 106. Three-Dimensional Design (0, 6).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A course exploring the basic problems in three-dimensional design. Formerly ART 240.

ART 108. Drawing II (0, 6).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A continuation of ART 104 involving more complex problems with emphasis on composition and expressive possibilities of a variety of media including ink, pencil, conte, charcoal and experimental materials. Prerequisite: ART 104 or permission of the instructor. Formerly ART 260.

GART 200. Art in General Culture.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

An exploratory course that aims to develop a non-technical, general cultural understanding of the space arts, such as architecture, painting, sculpture and industrial design. Emphasis is on the contemporary.

ART 205. Foundations Seminar.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A required course for studio art majors focused on the exploration and exchange of ideas related to embarking on a studio art career. Contemporary issues and responsibilities faced by emerging artists are emphasized. Students will investigate various visual art disciplines offered by JMU, write an artist's statement, and construct a Web site and digital portfolio. Corequisites: ART 102, ART 106 and GARTH 206. Formerly ART 280.

ART 210. Animation: 3-D Modeling (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

An introduction to the techniques of 3-D modeling in computer animation. Lectures, demonstrations and projects will involve the professional gaming and animation studios' methods of modeling digital characters and objects. Prerequisites: ART 102 and ART 104. Formerly ART 348.

ART 212. Animation: 3-D Character Animation (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

An introduction to the techniques of 3-D animation. Lectures, demonstrations and projects will involve the professional gaming and animation studios' methods of animating digital characters, objects and dynamic forces. Prerequisites: ART 102 and ART 104. Formerly ART 349.

ART 220. Introductory Ceramics: Potter's Wheel (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Explores the aesthetics, conceptualization and design of functional objects. Investigates tactility and the process of realizing form and the effective use of the wheel as a creative tool. Introduces historic and contemporary approaches, firing techniques, and glaze application. Prerequisites: ART 102, ART 104 and ART 106. Formerly ART 225.

ART 222. Introductory Ceramics: Handbuilding (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Forming techniques will be explored for both vessel and sculptural work. Addresses construction concerns such as timing, structure and mass. Conceptual issues of hand-formation and ceramic sculpture discussed. Introduces historic and contemporary approaches, firing techniques and glaze application. Prerequisites: ART 102, ART 104 and ART 106. Formerly ART 226.

ART 230. Weaving and Other Fiber Arts (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Introduction to and practice in basic weaving and other fiber arts. Emphasis will be placed on floor loom weaving and surface design on the fabric. Prerequisites: ART 102 and ART 104. Formerly ART 321.

ART 240. Metal and Jewelry (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

An introduction to designing and executing jewelry and related objects through various fabrication and finishing techniques, and the exploration of metal as a medium of personal aesthetic expression. Prerequisites: ART 102 and ART 104. Formerly ART 322.

ART 242. Color Theory (0, 6).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

An exploration of the nature and theories of color. Students will study the expressive and symbolic qualities of master colorists and apply this knowledge to theoretical and practical problems. Prerequisite: ART 102.

ART 260. Introductory Photography: Black and White (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A creative approach to photography with emphasis on understanding materials and techniques. (Students must provide a fully manual 35mm camera and a light meter which may be built into the camera or separate.) Prerequisites: ART 102 and ART 104. Formerly ART 255.

ART 270. Printmaking: Screenprint (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

An introduction to the history and techniques of screenprinting. Lectures, demonstrations and projects will involve photographic and nonphotographic stencils, related digital processes and color registration. Prerequisites: ART 102 and ART 104. Formerly ART 352.

ART 272. Printmaking: Relief, Intaglio and Monotype (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

An introduction to the history and techniques of relief, intaglio and monotype printing. Lectures, demonstrations and projects will involve oil based and water soluble inks, linocut, woodcut, wood engraving, collagraph, drypoint, engraving, line etching, aquatint, softground, color registration, and related photographic processes. Prerequisites: ART 102 and ART 104. Formerly ART 353.

ART 274. Printmaking: Lithography (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

An introduction to the history and techniques of lithography printing. Lectures, demonstrations and projects will involve stone and plate lithography, color registration and related photographic processes. Prerequisites: ART 102 and ART 104. Formerly ART 354.

ART 280. Sculpture (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Problems in three-dimensional form using traditional and modern techniques. Processes of modeling in clay, mold making, casting, carving in wood and stone, and welded metal sculpture are explored. Prerequisite: ART 106. Formerly ART 335.

ART/PHIL 305. Seminar in Aesthetics.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Readings and discussions in the persistent philosophical problems of the arts centering on consideration of the work of art, the artist and the audience. Prerequisite: GART 200, GARTH 205, GARTH 206 or GPHIL 101. Formerly ART 380.

ART 313. Introduction to Art Therapy (1, 4).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A survey dealing with the origins, historical development and major theoretical trends in the field of art therapy. Examines a variety of patient/client populations and treatment approaches. Visits to institutional settings will be included. Intended primarily for students in the arts, education and social sciences.

ART 322. Intermediate Ceramics: Surface Development (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered spring.

Research and experimentation with ceramic materials and finishes, glaze formulation, and application for finishing ceramic artwork. Forming processes may include any combination of the potters wheel, handbuilding and mold making. Prerequisite: ART 220 or ART 222 or by permission. Formerly ART 326.

ART 323. Papermaking (0, 9).
1-3 credits, repeatable. Offered fall and spring.

A creative approach to handmade paper as an art medium. Emphasis will be on one-of-a-kind pieces. Cast paper, mould and deckle, mould formation, collage and assemblage techniques will be explored. Prerequisites: ART 102 and ART 104.

ART 325. Intermediate Ceramics: Molds & Casting (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered fall.

Mold-making systems and processes for ceramic slip casting and press molding. Conceptual issues of multiples, reproductions and material transformation discussed. Also suitable for students wanting to utilize molds with other materials in their artistic production. Prerequisites: ART 220 or ART 222 or by permission.

ART 328. Stained Glass (0, 9).
1-3 credits, repeatable. Offered fall and spring.

A comprehensive course in the design and construction of stained glass panels or windows. Traditional glazing techniques of lead came and copper foil will be explored, as well as epoxy resin bonding of dalle de verre. Glass surface decorating techniques of sandblasting, etching, plating, fusing, glue chipping and painting will be demonstrated. Prerequisites: ART 102 and ART 104.

ART 330. Intermediate Weaving and Other Fiber Arts (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Introduction to surface design techniques such as painting and printing on fabric. Further work may be in this area (in which case no prerequisites apply) or in weaving or other fiber techniques. Prerequisite: ART 230 or permission of the instructor. Formerly ART 331.

ART 340. Intermediate Metal and Jewelry (0, 9).
1-3 credits, repeatable. Offered fall and spring.

An intermediate course offering further exploration of metal as a medium of personal aesthetic expression as well as more advanced technical experience and experimentation. Prerequisite: ART 240 or permission of the instructor. Formerly ART 333.

ART 350. Figure Drawing (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

An introductory course with problems stressing the fundamental skills, approaches and concepts involved in drawing the human figure. Prerequisites: ART 104 and ART 108. Formerly ART 360.

ART 352. Painting (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Introduction to basic materials and techniques in oil or acrylic painting. This class extends previous practice with design and drawing through introductory experiences in painting. Prerequisites: ART 102 and ART 104. Formerly ART 362.

ART 354. Watercolor (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered once a year.

Study of and practice in transparent and opaque watercolor techniques. Prerequisites: ART 102 and ART 104. Formerly ART 366.

ART 360. Intermediate Photography: Experimental Black and White (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered fall.

Intensive exploration of advanced black and white photography using alternative cameras, pinhole, a variety of film speeds and papers, and sequential concepts. Prerequisite: ART 260. Formerly ART 366.

ART 362. Intermediate Photography: Digital (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

An intensive exploration of digital photography with an introduction to digital camera techniques, combinations of traditional and digital photographic methods, image manipulation, and modes of output. Prerequisite: ART 260. Formerly ART 357.

ART 364. Intermediate Photography: Large Format (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered spring.

An exploration of medium format and view camera techniques, film exposure, and advanced black and white printing. Prerequisite: ART 260. Formerly ART 358.

ART 380. Intermediate Sculpture (0, 9).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A study in casting techniques for sculpture using the lost wax process. Foundry operations, cold cast methods, ceramic shell and fiberglass are also explored. Prerequisite: ART 280. Formerly ART 336.

ART 390. Independent Studies in Art.
1-3 credits. Offering varies.

Independent activity at the intermediate level, such as research or studio practice, under faculty supervision. Projected studies in any area of the school's offering must be arranged with the instructors who will direct them. Offered only with the consent of the instructor.

ART 392. Topics in Art.
3 credits. Offering varies.

Study of selected topics in art at the intermediate level. May be repeated when course content changes. See e-campus for current topics. Formerly ART 389.

ART 410. Advanced Animation (0, 9).
3 credits, repeatable. Offered fall and spring.

An advanced study of the complex aspects of natural human movement and expressions as they relate to the field of 3-D computer animation. This is a lecture/studio class in which complex character modeling and animation will be explored. The goal is to create original models that move and express themselves similarly to those found in the movie industry. Prerequisite: ART 210. Formerly ART 448.

ART 420. Advanced Ceramics: Portfolio Development (0, 9).
1-3 credits, repeatable. Offered fall and spring.

Self-directed, focused course of study with supervision of the instructor. This course is the culmination of ceramic study, resulting in a body of work suitable for exhibition and that is representative of the student's research and development. Prerequisites: ART 320 and ART 322 or permission. Formerly ART 425.

ART 430. Advanced Fiber Arts (0, 9).
1-3 credits, repeatable. Offered fall and spring.

A series of fiber projects selected by the student with the approval of the instructor. Prerequisite: ART 330. Formerly ART 421.

ART 440. Advanced Metal and Jewelry (0, 9).
1-3 credits, repeatable. Offered fall and spring.

A series of metal arts projects selected by the student with the approval of the instructor. Prerequisite: ART 340. Formerly ART 422.

ART 450. Advanced Figure Drawing.
1-3 credits, repeatable. Offered once a year.

An advanced drawing course stressing inventive and in-depth approaches to portraying the human figure. Prerequisite: ART 350. Formerly ART 460.

ART 452. Advanced Painting (0, 9).
1-3 credits, repeatable. Offered fall and spring.

Advanced problems in media selected by the student with the advice of the instructor. Prerequisite: ART 352. Formerly ART 462.

ART 454. Advanced Watercolor (0, 9).
1-3 credits, repeatable. Offered once a year.

Advanced problems in the use of watercolor and related water-based media. Prerequisite: ART 354. Formerly ART 466.

ART 460. Advanced Photography: Alternative Processes (0, 9).
1-3 credits, repeatable. Offered spring.

Advanced study in photography focusing on alternative processes and experimental approaches including non-silver 19th century techniques, Polaroid, and liquid emulsion, among others. Prerequisite: ART 360, ART 362 or ART 364. Formerly ART 455.

ART 462. Advanced Photography: Color (0, 9).
1-3 credits, repeatable. Offered fall.

Advanced study in color photography. Prerequisite: ART 360, ART 362 or ART 364. Formerly ART 457.

ART 464. Photography: Portfolio Development (0, 9).
1-3 credits, repeatable. Offered fall and spring.

An intensive exploration in photography focusing on a theme or process that results in a cohesive body of work from a self-directed project and a written artist's statement. Prerequisite: ART 360, ART 362 or ART 364. Formerly ART 458.

ART 470. Advanced Printmaking (0, 9).
1-3 credits, repeatable. Offered fall and spring.

Advanced projects in printmaking to be determined by the student and instructor. Prerequisite: ART 270, ART 272 or ART 274 as appropriate. Formerly ART 454.

ART 480. Advanced Sculpture (0, 9).
1-3 credits, repeatable. Offered fall and spring.

Advanced study in sculpture focusing on projects chosen by the student in consultation with the instructor from an array of materials and processes used in contemporary sculpture. Prerequisite: ART 380. Formerly ART 435.

ART 490. Independent Studies in Art.
1-3 credits, repeatable. Offered fall and spring.

Independent activity, such as research or studio practice, under faculty supervision. Projected studies in any area of the school's offering must be arranged with the instructors who will direct them. Offered only with consent of the instructor.

ART 491. Studio Assistant.
1-3 credits, repeatable. Offered fall and spring.

An on-campus program monitored on an individual basis designed to provide practical studio experience in the visual arts. Students will learn safe studio practices and management skills, including material use, inventory control, and the proper operation of equipment found within various individual classroom studios. Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor.

ART 492. Topics in Art.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Study of selected topics in art, art history, graphic design or interior design at the advanced level. May be repeated when course content changes. See e-campus for current topics.

ART 494. The Open Studio: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Creative Arts.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Introduction to the interdisciplinary studio through discussion of the history of interdisciplinary art and exposure to contemporary examples from dance, theatre, music, creative writing, visual art, film and video. Emphasis on production of original work that evidences the use of another media or collaborative work by artists from different disciplines. Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor(s) and advanced skill level in one or more of the creative arts. Formerly ART 450.

ART 496. Internship in Art.
1-8 credits. Offered fall and spring.

An off-campus program prepared and monitored on an individual basis. Internships are designed to provide practical experience in the arts. Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor and ARTH 494 if in museums and galleries.

ART 499. Honors.
6 credits total for three semesters (1, 3, 2). Offered fall and spring.

Return to Top

Art Education

School of Art and Art History

ARED 300. Art Activities in the Elementary School. (1, 4).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A study of the aims and philosophy of art education in elementary school with an emphasis on child growth and development through art. Experience with art techniques and materials suitable from nursery school through grade eight with emphasis on appropriate motivational and teaching methods. Includes intensive field experiences for elementary grade levels. Formerly ART 310.

ARED 302. Secondary Art Education Methods.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

The study of art education methods, philosophy and contemporary practices as related to the middle and senior high school in public education. Includes class presentations, observation and practicum in the secondary grades. Prerequisites: PSYC 270 and EDUC 360. Formerly ART 311.

ARED 304. Methods of Art Criticism.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

The practical analysis and interpretation of works of art through oral and written forms. Emphasis is on the practice of art criticism in public settings, such as the school classroom, art museum and college art studio. Formerly ART 317.

ARED 390. Independent Studies in Art Education.
1-3 credits. Offering varies.

ARED 392. Topics in Art Education.
3 credits. Offering varies.

Study of selected topics in art education at the intermediate level. May be repeated when course content changes. See e-campus for current topics. Formerly ART 389.

ARED 400. Visual Arts Across the Curriculum (1, 4).
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Explores ways in which the art teacher can promote relationships between art and other subjects within the public school curriculum. Emphasis will be placed on how art experiences can be used to teach skills and concepts associated with other subjects. Includes a range of intensive field experiences at the middle grade level. Formerly ART 318.

ARED 490. Independent Studies in Art Education.
1-3 credits, repeatable. Offered fall and spring.

ARED 491. Studio Assistant.
1-3 credits, repeatable. Offered fall and spring.

ARED 496. Internship in Art Education.
1-8 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Return to Top

Art History

School of Art and Art History

GARTH 205. Survey of World Art I: Prehistoric to Renaissance.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

An introduction to the art and architecture of the world from cave painting through European pre-Renaissance art. Includes ancient through medieval art in Europe and the Near East, as well as Asian and African arts.

GARTH 206. Survey of World Art II: Renaissance to Modern.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Introduction to art and architecture of the world from the Renaissance through Modern ages. Includes European Renaissance, Baroque, Enlightenment, 19th and 20th centuries, as well as Asian and African arts.

ARTH 210. African Art and Culture in the Humanities.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

An interdisciplinary introduction to African art and culture with topics focusing on life ways, music, religion, philosophy, art, literature and cinema. This course provides a strong background for upper-division course work in the arts of African and the African Diaspora, as well as for students pursuing degrees in history and anthropology. May be counted as GHUM 252.

ARTH 300. Art History Seminar.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Exploration of various methodological approaches in the history of art, including connoisseurship, iconography, formalism, psychological studies and interpretations of art and society. Students will examine contrasting interpretations of major works of art. Seminar format. Fulfills the College of Visual and Performing Arts writing-intensive requirement for the major. Prerequisite: GARTH 205, GARTH 206 or permission of the instructor.

ARTH 303. History of Design.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

This course is an investigation into the domains of graphic and industrial design. The material will explore these disciplines through reading, lecture and an acquired visual literacy of the contextual, ideational and philosophic agendas.

ARTH 304. History of Photography.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A survey of photography as an art form from its discovery to the present day. Emphasis is on 20th-century developments and recent contemporary trends.

ARTH 305. History of Decorative Arts.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A history of the decorative arts in Europe and America from c. 1200 to c. 1930. This course provides a stylistic and contextual analysis, concentrating on domestic furnishings, including textiles, furniture, metals, ceramics and glass. Prerequisite: GARTH 205 or GARTH 206.

ARTH 313. Masterpieces of Italian Renaissance Art.
3 credits. (Semester in Florence only.) Offered fall and spring.

A survey of Italian Renaissance painting and sculpture (1280-1550), including the works of Giotto, Donatello, Masaccio, Fra Angelico, Botticelli, Leonardo and Michelangelo. Weekly visits to the Uffizi, San Marco, the Accademia and other Florentine museums.

ARTH 314. Masterpieces of Spanish Art.
3 credits. (Semester in Salamanca only.) Offered fall and spring.

A survey of art in Spain from prehistoric cave painting through 20th-century art. Emphasis is given to 17th-18th century Baroque and modern artists including El Greco, Velasquez, Goya, Gaudi and Picasso. Visits to Altamira, the Alhambra, the Prado, Toledo, Santillana del Mar and other sites.

ARTH 315. Masterpieces of British Architecture.
3 credits. (Semester in London only.) Offered fall and spring.

This history and theory of British architecture from prehistoric to modern times. Weekly visits to the British Museum, Hampton Court, Avebury, Bath, Chiswick, the Victoria Albert Museum and other monuments.

ARTH 316. Masterpieces of British Art.
3 credits. (Semester in London only.) Offered fall and spring.

Survey of painting and sculpture in Britain (1530-1860) concentrating on 18th/19th-century painting. British art is viewed in the context of European civilization. Weekly visits to London museums including the Portrait Gallery, Sir John Soane's House, the Wallace Collection and the Tate Gallery.

ARTH 317. Masterpieces of French Art.
3 credits. (Semester in Paris only.) Offered fall and spring.

A survey of French art from the Middle Ages to the modern day. Weekly visits to the major museums of Paris including the Louvre, the Musee D'Orsay, Cluny and Centre Pompidou.

ARTH 320. Travel Study in Art History.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Art history credit is available to students participating in formal travel study programs with an emphasis on art history. Students maintain a journal with an emphasis on their art history experiences and write a research paper. Prerequisites: Permission of the program leader and art history coordinator.

ARTH 389. Topics in Art History.
3 credits. Offering varies.

Study of selected topics in art, art education, art history, graphic design, interior design or industrial design at the intermediate level. May be repeated when course content changes. See e-campus for current topics.

ARTH 390. Independent Studies in Art History.
1-3 credits. Offering varies.

ARTH/HIST 396. Introduction to Public History.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

An introduction to the varied and interdisciplinary "field" of public history, such as community/local history, historic preservation, archives, historical archaeology, museum studies, business and policy history, documentary editing and publishing, and documentary films, through readings, class discussions, occasional guest speakers and occasional field trips.

ARTH/HIST 408. The Museum: Histories and Controversies.
3 credits. Offered every other spring as of spring 2007.

This seminar centers on art museums in the United States. Topics include the historical development of museums, related cultures of display, recent debates on institutional mission and responsibility, and contemporary artists who employ the museum as medium, subject matter or site. Required field trips. Prerequisite: GARTH 206 or permission of instructor.

ARTH 410. African Art: The Sahara and Northern Sahel.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

An introduction to the arts and cultures of northern and northwestern Africa. The diverse, rich heritage of Africa's arts will be explored through the major style areas of Saharan and northern sub-Saharan Africa including prehistoric rock arts, Egypt, northern Africa, Christian northeastern Africa and Islamic North Africa.

ARTH 412. African Art: Sub-Saharan.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A survey of the arts and cultures of sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the major style areas of the continent. Coverage will include: the historic sites of Nigeria, the Guinea Coast, and central, eastern, and southern Africa. Prerequisite: GARTH 205, GARTH 206 or permission of instructor.

ARTH 419. Topics in African Art.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Topics in African art will deal with the current thematic or methodological issues such as contemporary African arts and artists, arts of the African Diaspora, a particular media (such as architecture or the textile arts), portraiture and identity, the royal arts of Africa, African film and performance, or gender in the arts of Africa. Prerequisite: GARTH 205, GARTH 206, ARTH 210 or permission of the instructor.

ARTH 420. Ancient Art.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A study of major works selected from the Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Greek, Etruscan and Roman cultures. Considers themes such as the development of sacred places, royal art and architecture, and artistic conventions in early civilizations. Prerequisite: GARTH 205 or permission of the instructor.

ARTH 424. Arts of Ancient Egypt.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A study of the arts and culture of Ancient Egypt (c. 3000 B.C. to c. 300 B.C.). This course will focus on the art and architecture of the Old and New Kingdoms and also examine the enduring fascination with this unique artistic heritage from the excavations of Napoleon to the present. Prerequisite: GARTH 205 or GARTH 206.

ARTH 430. Far Eastern Art.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A survey of East Asian art from prehistoric times to 19th century colonialism. Emphasis is on the areas of major production: India, China and Japan, with less attention to such centers as Cambodia, Siam and Korea. Prerequisite: GARTH 205 or GARTH 206.

ARTH 440. Early Medieval Art.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Survey of Early Christian, Hiberno-Saxon and Byzantine art 300-1200. Examines painting, mosaics, manuscripts illumination and the development of church design in Italy and the Byzantine World. Considers cross-fertilization of Pagan, Christian, Islamic and Barbarian arts in Western Europe in the Early Middle Ages. Prerequisite: GARTH 205 or permission of the instructor.

ARTH 442. Art of Later Middle Ages.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A study of Western European arts and architecture in the later Middle Ages with concentration on Romanesque and Gothic styles (1000-1400). Examines church construction and allied arts around the millennium and the development of Gothic architecture, sculpture and painting in France, Italy and England. Prerequisite: GARTH 205 or permission of the instructor.

ARTH 444. Gothic and Gothic Revival Architecture.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Survey of Gothic architecture in France, England and Italy 1150-1500 and its influence in England and America 1750-1910. Examines the design of major cathedrals and regional European Gothic styles. Explores their influence upon Walpole, Pugin, Ruskin and other champions of Gothic Revival. Prerequisite: GARTH 205, GARTH 206 or permission of the instructor.

ARTH 446. Italian Renaissance Art.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A survey of the development of Italian Renaissance art and architecture 1300-1550. Focuses on themes such as the revival of classical art, the influence of humanism and Neo-Platonism, the invention of perspective and the formation of the Early and High Renaissance styles. Prerequisite: GARTH 206 or permission of the instructor.

ARTH 448. Studies in Leonardo and Michelangelo.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Seminar that examines the artworks of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti. Discusses issues such as the artist's creative process, the development of the artist's style, the patron's role in artwork and inter-relationships between the artist's visual and literary works. Prerequisite: GARTH 206 or permission of the instructor.

ARTH 449. Topics in Renaissance Art.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Topics in Renaissance art may include studies of major Italian or Northern Renaissance artists, the development of linear perspective, the Renaissance tomb chapel, or art and politics of the Protestant Reformation. Prerequisite: GARTH 206 or permission of the instructor.

ARTH 450. Baroque Art.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A survey of European art and architecture of the 17th century. This course will focus on Baroque art and its cultural context in Italy, France, Britain and Holland. Prerequisite: GARTH 206 or permission of the instructor.

ARTH 452. Eighteenth Century Art.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A survey of the major European artistic movements of the 18th century. This course will focus on the development of the Rococo and Neo- classical styles in architecture, sculpture and painting. Prerequisite: GARTH 206 or permission of the instructor.

ARTH 459. Topics in Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Art.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Topics in this course may include studies of particular artists such as Rembrandt, Caravaggio or Watteau, studies of particular styles such as the Rococo or thematic studies such as the history of garden design or the development of art theory. Prerequisite: GARTH 206 or permission of the instructor.

ARTH 460. Nineteenth Century Art.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

A study of European art (1750-1900) concentrating on Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism and Symbolism. Major topics include nationalism, historicism and the advent of new modes of representation. Prerequisite: GARTH 206 or permission of the instructor.

ARTH 466. Art and Nationalism.
3 credits. Offered every other fall.

Advanced seminar examining the intersection between art and nationalism from the late-eighteenth century to the present. Topics may include propaganda, monuments and the construction of national memory. Particular attention will be devoted to the shifting nature of commemorative practice throughout the modern period. Prerequisite: GARTH 205, GARTH 206 or permission of the instructor.

ARTH 469. Topics in Nineteenth Century Art.
3 credits. Offered fall and spring.

Topics in nineteenth century art may include studies of major artists, such as Caspar David Friedrich or Edouard Manet, specific artists groups like the pre-Raphaelite brotherhood, or thematic issues such as the relationship between art and nationalism. Prerequisite: GARTH 206.

ARTH 470. Modern Art from 1900-1945.
3 credits.